requestId:68518621044bd3.21213134.
The Law of Gift and Establishment in the Traditional: Taking the Su Rule of the People’s Republic of China as the Central Committee
Author: Ren Jing Shen Mi
Source: “Tianfu New” No. 2, 2022
Abstract: Su Ru’s criticism of the characteristics of the laws of the laws of the People’s Republic of China in the politics of the Song Dynasty shows the ideological inspiration of the tradition of the autonomous system. This can be obtained from his recommendations on the learning of the gods and the ties. The analysis of the governance type of Ren Fa and Ren Ren, which corresponds to the interpretation of Su Zhi’s historical politics in the Three Dynasties, Han Tang and Song dynasties, Su covered a set of governance logic composed of public and private political principles, political subjects, official styles and management performance. Su Zhu emphasized the establishment of the current political establishment in multiple national traditions, and the conditions for the establishment of the political power at the beginning of the country reflect the maturity of the political mind of the law, and demonstrated the practical action dimension of the governance system with the “regulation” first determined as the direction. How to prevent the structural shock of political society, respect the founding of the country, and take the growth of political subjects rather than large-scale changes is the political characteristics of the Susan as a founding thinker who has exceeded the political tide of the party’s struggle. This not only points to the key thread to revisit the tradition of Chinese political thinking, but also provides rich information for understanding the tradition of national management.
Keywords: Su Zhi; Governance; Appointing a person; Appointing a law; Establishing a country; Establishing a affairs
Author introduction: Ren Jing, a professor and doctoral supervisor of the Department of Political Science, College of the School of International Relations of the Chinese National Studies; Shen Mi, a doctoral student in the Department of Political Science, College of the Chinese National Studies.
Su Zhuo (1036-1101) was a representative figure of the group of scholars and officials in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Later generations praised his literary style and lacked attention to his thinking and learning, and his understanding still needs to be deepened [1]. The author once used Su Draco and Sima Guang as an example to try to draw the basic characteristics of traditional state thinking through the comparison with Wang Anshi’s political thinking. This article deeply explores its political thinking and its governance theory in a step-by-step manner, hoping to promote relevant knowledge in the academic community.
1. Governance and governance methods: Reflection on governance with the critical and responsibilities method as the norm
To be clear about the contributions of the thinker, we should first master the key knowledge and judgment of the times in which the thinker is from, and beware of the “distance” formed based on the opinions of later generations. Su’s career was in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, and formed a major judgment on the characteristics of political evolution over the past century, pointing out the political style that was oriented towards the law at that time. Let’s first understand this judgment, and then dissect the observation and thinking structure behind it.
“Recommendation of Two Systems” (1061) describes the two major drawbacks of politics at that time. The first one is that “the usage is too close and does not ask for mercy.” It specifically expresses that “now, from one’s own decree to the prime minister, they all regard obeying the law and following the orders, and give in and take responsibility for the law, saying: How can I not be restricted! Since the law is carried out, my friend is the position of the position.It is accomplished, its failure, its governance, its chaos, and its chaos. Everyone said: It is not me, it is the law. The disadvantages of the law are very serious!” This passage vividly engraves the customary style of the political and political style at that time. The political subject first believes that the rules under the law are followed rather than “unrestrained”. “Following the law and following the order of the rule of law” seems to be an example of the rule of law, and it seems that the tree has established a set of orderly and automatic rule of law. However, Su Zhen believes that under this situation, the political action subject is only “reserve”, gradually losing its energy, and it is easy to blame the failure of management consequences on the French. “There is no longer ambition in the world, but it is all the way to abide by the law. ”【2】 “Stand to Distinguish the Officials in the Class” (Part 2) Focusing on the official system of the Song Dynasty, it pointed out that “the immediate problem is that the law is too far. Therefore, it is a necessary system that makes the whole country live and must win, which is very regretful.” It is a shame to select real talents. [2] Su Zhu criticized the “Prime Minister is not accused of choosing” in three poems on “Provincial Trials”. “Now the Prime Minister is not allowed to choose, and more than one life is given to the fixed law. What is the way?” [2] All political affairs are given to the fixed law, and do not pay attention to the extreme influence of the political subject (management). This is the most ill of the form of law management.
In modern China, the rule of law is one of the key points of political order. People at the time also enjoyed tracing traditional thinking and absorbing resources from the rule of law. Su Zhen’s many legal works have gained a lot of attention in this meaning [3]. Although there are many major differences in the construction of the rule of law in ancient and modern times, this aspect is indeed worth our further step to explore the in-depth relationship between them.
BaoqingThe late-century politics highlighted the orientation characteristics of paying attention to the French, which was once discovered by the author. We can see that Chen Liang, Ye Xingsheng, and Zhang Duanyi, and Liu Zhong, etc., had a clear explanation of this [4]. Chen Bangzhang of the Ming Dynasty discussed the evolution of the cosmic atmosphere, and also pointed out that the characteristics of the rule of the Song Dynasty were divided between the Three Dynasties and the Han Tang Dynasty. [5] From the perspective of the Northern Song Dynasty, regarding the laws of the founding of the state, BaoqingThe rule of law can be said to be clearer in Su Zheng’s political discussion. It is worth noting that how Su Zheng observed and understood this characteristic, and what was his observation and thinking structure?
It can be seen that when Su Zheng pointed out the political characteristics of the law in the Song Dynasty, he often combined the law and the people, and The latter is regarded as a useful resource for fighting the ills of the former. In other words, the relationship between man and law, governing people and governing law is a fundamental point in his analysis of the politics of the Song Dynasty and historical political phenomena. The author once pointed out that governance theory is the basis of Chinese political thinking A main line of tradition and tradition focuses on the proof integration relationship between the three order elements of governance, governance law and governance, and focuses on the systemic structure of political subject, governance strategy and political principles. Su Zhen is precisely in the context of this evolutionary lineHe opened up his political thoughts [6].
In “Strategies III” of the twenty-five chapters of “Advancement”, Su Zhu pointed out that “the whole country has two problems: there are disadvantages of legislation and others to be removed. The two are suspected and difficult to understand. This is why the whole country is troubled.” The most basic disadvantage of current affairs is that it is broken by others [2]. Among the three poems of “Private Trials”, Su Zhi regards “using both man and law” as his first question and emphasizes the relationship between the person and the law. He converges that they represent two types of management in historical politics.
From the perspective of governance theory, the appointment of people and the appointment of law are different from the path of governing people and the administration of law as politically preferred or leading methods. Recruiting people means highlighting the central use of the political subject, which will lead to “the law is simple but the people are heavy”. The disadvantage of “receiving public action and the power is to move downward”. People with political energy are good at applying people to party and private affairs, and political authority can be transferred outside the monarch; while recruiting laws means highlighting the absolute position of the political system, which will lead to “the law is complex but the people are light”. The disadvantage is that people can easily see the ability of the subject and divide the meaning and main nature of the foolish area. Governing people and governing laws are the two basic elements of politics. Focusing on one side, one will form a ce
發佈留言